| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Flathead Drug, Ear Medicine Smoke from leaves used for earache. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Flathead Food, Sauce & Relish Berries dried, powdered and used as a condiment with deer liver. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Brown Berries used to make a gray-brown dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Great Basin Indian Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used as one of the elements in the tobacco mixture. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hanaksiala Food, Fruit Berries mashed, mixed with grease and eaten. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hanaksiala Food, Special Food Berries mixed with high bush cranberries or Pacific crabapples and featured at winter feasts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Heiltzuk Other, Smoke Plant Leaves smoked like tobacco. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hesquiat Other, Smoke Plant Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hoh Drug, Unspecified Leaves smoked as medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hoh Other, Ceremonial Items Leaves smoked during religious ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Hoh Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Jemez Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves smoked as tobacco. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Keresan Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Kimsquit Food, Dried Food Berries formerly dried, boiled, mixed with boiled dumplings and used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Koyukon Food, Winter Use Food Berries stored in grease or oil and eaten with fish or meat. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Kwakiutl Drug, Narcotic Leaves smoked as a narcotic. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Fruit Dry, mealy berries formerly used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Lakota Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used as tobacco. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Makah Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Makah Other, Cash Crop Leaves dried and sold. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Makah Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used for smoking. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Menominee Drug, Adjuvant Dried leaves used as a seasoner to make certain female remedies taste good. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 35 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Food, Dried Food Fruit eaten fresh and dried. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Food, Soup Berries boiled and used to make a broth. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Food, Starvation Food Berries eaten raw or fried during famines. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Montana Indian Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Good Luck Charm Dried leaves smoked with mountain tobacco to bring good luck. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Nitinaht Food, Forage Fruits eaten by grouse. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Nitinaht Food, Fruit Fruits formerly eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Nitinaht Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried or roasted and smoked. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Nitinaht Other, Smoke Plant Leaves roasted, crushed and smoked. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Nootka Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used for smoking. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Nuxalkmc Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Nuxalkmc Other, Cash Crop Berries used for trade. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used for medicine ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Narcotic Leaves smoked to cause intoxication. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Leaves used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of leaves and stems taken for spitting of blood. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a blood tonic. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of leaves and stems used as a wash for sore eyes. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Kidney Aid Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the kidneys. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Urinary Aid Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the bladder. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Smoke Plant Leaves toasted and used as a tobacco. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |